![]() This results in a cation with 20 protons, 18 electrons, and a 2+ charge. For example, a neutral calcium atom, with 20 protons and 20 electrons, readily loses two electrons. Visualize trends, 3D orbitals, isotopes, and mix compounds. To illustrate, an atom of an alkali metal (group 1) loses one electron and forms a cation with a 1+ charge an alkaline earth metal (group 2) loses two electrons and forms a cation with a 2+ charge, and so on. Interactive periodic table showing names, electrons, and oxidation states. Atoms of many main-group metals lose enough electrons to leave them with the same number of electrons as an atom of the preceding noble gas. It is an icon of chemistry and is widely used in physics and other sciences. You can use the periodic table to predict whether an atom will form an anion or a cation, and you can often predict the charge of the resulting ion. The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the elements, is an ordered arrangement of the chemical elements into rows ('periods') and columns ('groups'). (b) A sodium cation (Na+) has lost an electron, so it has one more proton (11) than electrons (10), giving it an overall positive charge, signified by a superscripted plus sign. There follow two periods of 18 elements each: the first long period, from potassium 19, to krypton, 36 and the second long period, from rubidium, 37, to xenon, 54. Figure 6 6: Periodic Table showing Atomic Radius Trend. Then there are two periods of eight elements each: the first short period, from lithium, 3, to neon, 10 and the second short period, from sodium, 11, to argon, 18. As a result, the atomic radius decreases. ![]() The valence electrons are held closer towards the nucleus of the atom. (a) A sodium atom (Na) has equal numbers of protons and electrons (11) and is uncharged. This means that the nucleus attracts the electrons more strongly, pulling the atoms shell closer to the nucleus.
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